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WEB ACCESSIBILITY - CSS GUIDELINES

 

GUIDELINES SPECIFIC TO THE USE OF CSS:

Guideline: Decrease maintenance and increase consistency.

  • Use a minimal number of style sheets for your site.

  • Use linked style sheets rather than embedded styles, and avoid inline style sheets.

  • If you have more than one, use the same "class" name for the same concept in all of the style sheets.

Guideline: User override of styles.
Allow user specified guidelines (i.e. "important!" style) to override any author-generated style sheets. This is important for overriding small font sizes as well as undesired color combinations.

Guideline: Units of measure.
Use relative rather than absolute units of measurement (em or %).

Guideline: Generated content.
Ensure that important content appears in the document object. Text generated by style sheets is not part of the document source and will not be available to assistive technologies that access content through the Document Object Model Level 1 ([DOM1]).

Guideline: Fonts.
Instead of using deprecated presentation elements and attributes, use the many CSS properties to control font characteristics: ‘font-family’, ‘font-size’, ‘font-size-adjust’, ‘font-stretch’, ‘font-style’, ‘font-variant’, and ‘font-weight’. If you must use HTML elements to control font information, use BIG and SMALL, which are not deprecated.

Guideline: Text style effects.
Avoid causing text to blink until such time that this can be overridden by the user.

Guideline: Text instead of images.
Use text instead of images containing text wherever possible. If it is necessary to render text via an image, an alternate text tag must be provided.

Guideline: Text formatting and position.
Use style sheets to control layout and presentation.

Guideline: Colors.
Ensure background and foreground colors provide appropriate contrast. Ensure information is not in color alone.

Guideline: Providing contextual clues in HTML lists.
Markup lists and list items appropriately.

Guideline: Layout, positioning, layering, and alignment.
Use style sheets to control layout and presentation. Do not use tables for layout unless table data makes sense when linearized.

Guideline: Rules and borders.
Organize documents so they may be read without style sheets.

Guideline: Using style sheet positioning and markup to transform gracefully.
Removal of associated style sheets should still allow tabular data to be read in a way which makes logical sense.

Guideline: Creating movement with style sheets and scripts.
Until it is possible for users to freeze moving content, avoid using movement in pages.

Guideline: Aural Cascading Style Sheets.

The following properties are part of CSS2's aural cascading style sheets:

  • ‘volume’ controls the volume of spoken text.

  • ‘speak’ controls whether content will be spoken and, if so, whether it will be spelled or spoken as words.

  • ‘pause’, ‘pause-before’, and ‘pause-after’ control pauses before and after content is spoken. This allows users to separate content for better comprehension.

  • ‘cue’, ‘cue-before’, and ‘cue-after’ specify a sound to be played before and after content, which can be valuable for orientation (much like a visual icon).

  • ‘play-during’ controls background sounds while an element is rendered (much like a background image).

  • ‘azimuth’ and ‘elevation’ provide dimension to sound, which allows users to distinguish voices, for example.

  • ‘speech-rate’, ‘voice-family’, ‘pitch’, ‘pitch-range’, ‘stress’, and ‘richness’ control the quality of spoken content. By varying these properties for different elements, users can fine-tune how content is presented aurally.

  • ‘speak-punctuation’ and ‘speak-numeral’ control how numbers and punctuation are spoken, which has an effect on the quality of the experience of aural browsing.

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